本文以一个 CS 学生与 Linux 用户的视角介绍武汉大学校园网，兼谈我的体会。

基本信息

  • 校园网费用为 20 元/月，不限流量和在线时长。

  • 校园网使用锐捷1，同时在线设备数量最多为 3。

  • 校园网出口带宽为 3 Gbps2。

  • 校内 WiFi 未覆盖所有地区。

登录验证

校园网使用 强制门户 进行登录验证，用 Chromium、Firefox 之类的浏览器随便打开某个 HTTP 网站就会跳转到登录页面，无需额外安装软件，但对于没有 GUI 的无头系统不太友好。

找了一圈之后，我发现似乎可以用锐捷认证客户端来验证登录，这样就不必额外装 GUI 了。照着这个思路，我尝试了 mentohust 与 minieap，但都无法验证。最后，我找到了 WHU-net-access，虽然它有点年久失修，但确实可以成功验证（其实最后还是用回了 GUI 登录）。

后来我才发现 GitHub 上有现成的 Shell 脚本，比如 duament/WHU_captive_portal_login 和 7Ji/auto-whu-standard，它们的主要思路如下：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

USERNAME=20201234567890 # 13 位学号
PASSWORD=123456 # 默认为身份证后 6 位
# Internet：校园网；dianxin：电信；liantong：联通；yidong：移动
TYPE=Internet

# 如果 DNS 有问题，建议把 TEST_URL 换成 "http://1.0.0.1/"
TEST_URL="http://www.google.cn/generate_204"
AUTH_URL="http://172.19.1.9:8080/eportal/InterFace.do?method=login"

QUERYSTRING=$(curl -s $TEST_URL | grep -oP "(?<=\?).*(?=\')")

curl -s $AUTH_URL \
    --data-urlencode userId=$USERNAME \
    --data-urlencode password="$PASSWORD" \
    --data-urlencode service="$TYPE" \
    --data-urlencode queryString="$QUERYSTRING"

这样的 Shell 脚本比一个最后更新于 2016 年的 Python 2 程序好用得多。

带宽

寝室的 2.4 GHz 与 5 GHz WiFi 上下行大部分时间均在 90 Mbps 左右，有时会掉到 30 Mbps。

有线连接速率测试如下：

时间上行下行
0:00729 Mbps426 Mbps
1:00786 Mbps603 Mbps
2:00817 Mbps684 Mbps
3:00854 Mbps804 Mbps
4:00845 Mbps770 Mbps
5:00516 Mbps581 Mbps
6:00856 Mbps814 Mbps
7:00785 Mbps780 Mbps
8:00811 Mbps771 Mbps
9:00825 Mbps690 Mbps
10:00723 Mbps619 Mbps
11:00769 Mbps732 Mbps
12:00794 Mbps619 Mbps
13:00791 Mbps348 Mbps
14:00657 Mbps513 Mbps
15:00586 Mbps547 Mbps
16:00586 Mbps574 Mbps
17:00582 Mbps579 Mbps
18:00605 Mbps226 Mbps
19:00459 Mbps415 Mbps
20:00602 Mbps119 Mbps
21:00634 Mbps568 Mbps
22:00417 Mbps104 Mbps
23:00569 Mbps302 Mbps
  1. 有线连接速率的数据仅为一天的测试结果，与实际情况有所偏差。
  2. 以上数据使用 speedtest-cli 测试得来。

IP

  • 校园网通过 NAT 提供 IPv4，同时提供独立公共 IPv6 地址。
  • 但是校外主机不能主动向此公共 IPv6 地址发送数据包。

线路

Cloudflare

IPv4

traceroute to cloudflare.com (104.16.133.229), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (10.135.127.254)  7.042 ms  6.990 ms  6.974 ms
 2  172.16.254.14 (172.16.254.14)  5.418 ms  5.400 ms  5.385 ms
 3  172.17.11.214 (172.17.11.214)  3.954 ms  3.932 ms  3.913 ms
 4  172.17.11.254 (172.17.11.254)  3.889 ms  3.872 ms  3.855 ms
 5  218.197.158.254 (218.197.158.254)  4.109 ms  4.090 ms  4.072 ms
 6  202.112.20.13 (202.112.20.13)  5.191 ms *  4.848 ms
 7  101.4.114.17 (101.4.114.17)  3.558 ms  3.540 ms  3.517 ms
 8  101.4.115.201 (101.4.115.201)  26.761 ms  26.696 ms  26.664 ms
 9  * * *
10  101.4.117.102 (101.4.117.102)  29.820 ms 101.4.117.98 (101.4.117.98)  28.412 ms  28.264 ms
11  101.4.117.214 (101.4.117.214)  253.514 ms  253.495 ms  252.016 ms
12  ix-xe-9-1-5-0.tcore1.lvw-losangeles.as6453.net (66.110.59.181)  251.961 ms  251.948 ms  251.935 ms
13  if-ae-30-2.tcore1.eql-losangeles.as6453.net (206.82.129.18)  251.917 ms  251.910 ms  251.893 ms
14  206.82.129.227 (206.82.129.227)  251.898 ms  251.887 ms  251.875 ms
15  172.70.204.2 (172.70.204.2)  225.130 ms 172.70.212.2 (172.70.212.2)  232.019 ms *
16  * * *
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

IPv6

traceroute to cloudflare.com (2606:4700::6810:84e5), 30 hops max, 80 byte packets
 1  2001:250:4001:5013::1 (2001:250:4001:5013::1)  9.690 ms  9.619 ms  9.605 ms
 2  2001:250:4001:9::1:1 (2001:250:4001:9::1:1)  9.585 ms  9.573 ms  9.556 ms
 3  2001:250:4001::1 (2001:250:4001::1)  9.534 ms  9.518 ms  9.510 ms
 4  cernet2.net (2001:da8:3009:a6::1)  9.499 ms  9.488 ms  9.469 ms
 5  2001:da8:2:102::1 (2001:da8:2:102::1)  9.452 ms  9.433 ms  9.419 ms
 6  2001:da8:2:d::2 (2001:da8:2:d::2)  13.054 ms * *
 7  2001:da8:2:1::1 (2001:da8:2:1::1)  37.923 ms  34.669 ms  34.646 ms
 8  cernet2.net (2001:252:0:2::101)  23.707 ms  22.819 ms  22.794 ms
 9  * * cernet2.net (2001:252:0:109::2)  22.722 ms
10  * * *
11  * * cloudflare1-lacp-100g.hkix.net (2001:7fa:0:1::ca28:a0f6)  59.864 ms
12  2400:cb00:23:1024::6ca2:df96 (2400:cb00:23:1024::6ca2:df96)  58.316 ms 2400:cb00:23:1024::a29e:b013 (2400:cb00:23:1024::a29e:b013)  58.319 ms cloudflare1-lacp-100g.hkix.net (2001:7fa:0:1::ca28:a0f6)  59.816 ms

甲骨文

东京

traceroute to objectstorage.ap-tokyo-1.oraclecloud.com (134.70.80.3), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (10.135.127.254)  4.554 ms  4.430 ms  4.399 ms
 2  172.16.254.14 (172.16.254.14)  7.480 ms  7.458 ms  7.447 ms
 3  172.17.11.214 (172.17.11.214)  19.192 ms  19.179 ms  19.167 ms
 4  172.17.11.254 (172.17.11.254)  19.155 ms  19.144 ms  19.132 ms
 5  218.197.158.254 (218.197.158.254)  7.362 ms *  7.333 ms
 6  202.112.20.13 (202.112.20.13)  7.309 ms  7.146 ms *
 7  * * *
 8  101.4.115.201 (101.4.115.201)  29.630 ms  29.604 ms  29.589 ms
 9  * * *
10  101.4.118.26 (101.4.118.26)  28.725 ms * *
11  101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  64.445 ms  64.434 ms  59.034 ms
12  203.131.254.213 (203.131.254.213)  59.589 ms  59.512 ms 101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  59.411 ms
13  * 203.131.254.213 (203.131.254.213)  59.453 ms  59.429 ms
14  ae-12.r30.tokyjp05.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.2.50)  161.562 ms  161.545 ms  110.845 ms
15  ae-0.a01.tokyjp10.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.6.44)  112.922 ms  110.814 ms  112.895 ms
16  ae-0.a01.tokyjp10.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.6.44)  110.784 ms  110.771 ms  112.846 ms
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

大阪

traceroute to objectstorage.ap-osaka-1.oraclecloud.com (134.70.112.3), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (10.135.127.254)  2.314 ms  2.263 ms  2.247 ms
 2  172.16.254.14 (172.16.254.14)  4.558 ms  4.541 ms  4.533 ms
 3  172.17.11.214 (172.17.11.214)  2.434 ms  2.422 ms  2.398 ms
 4  172.17.11.254 (172.17.11.254)  5.558 ms  5.534 ms  3.396 ms
 5  * 218.197.158.254 (218.197.158.254)  4.380 ms  4.328 ms
 6  * 202.112.20.13 (202.112.20.13)  4.239 ms  8.625 ms
 7  * * *
 8  101.4.115.201 (101.4.115.201)  26.484 ms  26.411 ms  27.988 ms
 9  * * *
10  * * 101.4.118.26 (101.4.118.26)  27.197 ms
11  101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  59.074 ms  59.271 ms  60.575 ms
12  203.131.254.213 (203.131.254.213)  60.501 ms  58.764 ms 101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  58.726 ms
13  ae-12.r27.tkokhk01.hk.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.5.162)  60.851 ms 203.131.254.213 (203.131.254.213)  59.704 ms ae-12.r27.tkokhk01.hk.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.5.162)  66.249 ms
14  ae-4.r26.osakjp02.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.2.42)  109.524 ms  104.078 ms ae-12.r27.tkokhk01.hk.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.5.162)  60.794 ms
15  ae-1.r02.osakjp02.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.2.40)  109.490 ms  104.041 ms  104.034 ms
16  * ae-1.r02.osakjp02.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.2.40)  104.010 ms *
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

首尔

traceroute to objectstorage.ap-seoul-1.oraclecloud.com (134.70.96.3), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (10.135.127.254)  3.333 ms  3.277 ms  3.258 ms
 2  172.16.254.14 (172.16.254.14)  4.388 ms  4.368 ms  4.350 ms
 3  172.17.11.214 (172.17.11.214)  2.915 ms  2.895 ms  2.882 ms
 4  172.17.11.254 (172.17.11.254)  4.010 ms  3.991 ms  3.978 ms
 5  * 218.197.158.254 (218.197.158.254)  4.176 ms  4.159 ms
 6  202.112.20.13 (202.112.20.13)  13.131 ms  10.221 ms  10.187 ms
 7  * * *
 8  101.4.112.37 (101.4.112.37)  19.244 ms  19.018 ms  18.989 ms
 9  101.4.117.34 (101.4.117.34)  20.087 ms  18.990 ms  18.943 ms
10  * * 202.97.15.89 (202.97.15.89)  19.876 ms
11  202.97.95.125 (202.97.95.125)  20.062 ms  20.037 ms  20.021 ms
12  202.97.43.78 (202.97.43.78)  27.214 ms  24.919 ms  24.858 ms
13  59.43.137.226 (59.43.137.226)  47.100 ms  47.077 ms  47.059 ms
14  * * *
15  59.43.187.74 (59.43.187.74)  49.045 ms 59.43.247.58 (59.43.247.58)  52.317 ms 59.43.187.78 (59.43.187.78)  48.976 ms
16  59.43.187.210 (59.43.187.210)  69.210 ms 59.43.250.34 (59.43.250.34)  69.552 ms *
17  203.195.115.18 (203.195.115.18)  128.485 ms  112.835 ms 218.185.245.114 (218.185.245.114)  202.517 ms
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

春川

traceroute to objectstorage.ap-chuncheon-1.oraclecloud.com (134.70.132.2), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (10.135.127.254)  3.112 ms  3.039 ms *
 2  172.16.254.14 (172.16.254.14)  4.357 ms  4.329 ms  4.311 ms
 3  172.17.11.214 (172.17.11.214)  2.040 ms  2.017 ms  1.998 ms
 4  172.17.11.254 (172.17.11.254)  3.316 ms  3.303 ms  3.274 ms
 5  218.197.158.254 (218.197.158.254)  7.266 ms  7.248 ms  7.230 ms
 6  * * *
 7  101.4.114.17 (101.4.114.17)  3.019 ms  3.731 ms  2.576 ms
 8  101.4.115.201 (101.4.115.201)  26.943 ms  26.920 ms  26.907 ms
 9  * * *
10  * * 101.4.118.26 (101.4.118.26)  26.786 ms
11  101.4.114.222 (101.4.114.222)  26.744 ms 101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  59.817 ms  59.800 ms
12  * 101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  59.461 ms *
13  skbroadband-svc069658-ic355032.ip.twelve99-cust.net (62.115.190.115)  59.957 ms  59.933 ms *
14  skbroadband-svc072024-lag003419.ip.twelve99-cust.net (62.115.47.109)  59.896 ms 210.180.97.20 (210.180.97.20)  96.367 ms skbroadband-svc069658-ic355032.ip.twelve99-cust.net (62.115.190.115)  61.060 ms
15  * * *
16  210.180.97.20 (210.180.97.20)  95.849 ms 58.229.14.220 (58.229.14.220)  102.114 ms *
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

法兰克福

traceroute to objectstorage.eu-frankfurt-1.oraclecloud.com (134.70.40.1), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (10.135.127.254)  4.080 ms  3.999 ms  3.983 ms
 2  172.16.254.14 (172.16.254.14)  10.241 ms  10.223 ms  10.204 ms
 3  172.17.11.214 (172.17.11.214)  4.165 ms  4.147 ms  4.126 ms
 4  172.17.11.254 (172.17.11.254)  4.103 ms  4.081 ms  4.036 ms
 5  218.197.158.254 (218.197.158.254)  3.761 ms *  3.718 ms
 6  * 202.112.20.13 (202.112.20.13)  5.114 ms  5.067 ms
 7  101.4.114.17 (101.4.114.17)  5.013 ms  4.995 ms  4.973 ms
 8  101.4.115.201 (101.4.115.201)  27.317 ms  27.298 ms  27.276 ms
 9  * * *
10  * * 101.4.118.26 (101.4.118.26)  28.830 ms
11  101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  68.479 ms 101.4.114.237 (101.4.114.237)  28.780 ms 101.4.114.222 (101.4.114.222)  28.769 ms
12  101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  68.420 ms hnk-b4-link.ip.twelve99.net (80.239.130.172)  62.649 ms  64.732 ms
13  hnk-b4-link.ip.twelve99.net (80.239.130.172)  58.962 ms  61.806 ms *
14  ffm-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.116.20)  236.728 ms mei-b4-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.135.140)  216.124 ms  216.105 ms
15  ffm-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.114.202)  236.664 ms * *
16  * * *
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

Hetzner

Nuremberg

IPv4
traceroute to nbg.icmp.hetzner.com (88.198.248.254), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (10.135.127.254)  5.678 ms  5.596 ms *
 2  172.16.254.14 (172.16.254.14)  5.554 ms  5.533 ms  5.509 ms
 3  172.17.11.214 (172.17.11.214)  6.316 ms  6.288 ms  6.270 ms
 4  172.17.11.254 (172.17.11.254)  6.252 ms  6.234 ms  6.216 ms
 5  218.197.158.254 (218.197.158.254)  5.363 ms *  5.315 ms
 6  * * 202.112.20.13 (202.112.20.13)  6.830 ms
 7  101.4.114.17 (101.4.114.17)  6.831 ms  6.807 ms  6.788 ms
 8  101.4.115.201 (101.4.115.201)  28.084 ms  28.666 ms  27.969 ms
 9  * * *
10  101.4.118.26 (101.4.118.26)  27.880 ms 101.4.115.114 (101.4.115.114)  27.058 ms *
11  101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  63.288 ms 101.4.118.122 (101.4.118.122)  31.457 ms 101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  63.243 ms
12  101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  60.378 ms 223.119.81.93 (223.119.81.93)  61.103 ms  61.071 ms
13  223.119.81.93 (223.119.81.93)  64.126 ms 223.118.18.53 (223.118.18.53)  198.918 ms  198.888 ms
14  223.120.10.157 (223.120.10.157)  199.512 ms  202.601 ms  198.839 ms
15  223.120.10.157 (223.120.10.157)  199.455 ms  199.435 ms  199.423 ms
16  core12.nbg1.hetzner.com (213.239.245.246)  203.954 ms  201.349 ms decix2-gw.hetzner.com (80.81.193.164)  201.267 ms
17  * * core12.nbg1.hetzner.com (213.239.245.246)  203.731 ms
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *
IPv6
traceroute to nbg.icmp.hetzner.com (2a01:4f8:0:59ed::2), 30 hops max, 80 byte packets
 1  * * *
 2  2001:250:4001:9::1:1 (2001:250:4001:9::1:1)  12.791 ms  12.773 ms  12.762 ms
 3  2001:250:4001::1 (2001:250:4001::1)  12.745 ms  12.733 ms  12.715 ms
 4  cernet2.net (2001:da8:3009:a6::1)  18.179 ms  18.163 ms  18.156 ms
 5  2001:da8:2:102::1 (2001:da8:2:102::1)  18.138 ms  12.638 ms  19.398 ms
 6  * * *
 7  2001:da8:2:1::1 (2001:da8:2:1::1)  34.731 ms  34.705 ms  29.327 ms
 8  cernet2.net (2001:252:0:2::101)  34.683 ms  29.282 ms  29.392 ms
 9  cernet2.net (2001:252:0:109::2)  36.582 ms cernet2.net (2001:252:0💯:2)  36.585 ms *
10  * * *
11  * * *
12  * * *
13  * * *
14  * hetzner-online.par.franceix.net (2001:7f8:54::1:197)  273.626 ms *
15  2a01:4f8:0:3::411 (2a01:4f8:0:3::411)  273.604 ms  257.770 ms  257.686 ms
16  2a01:4f8:0:3::411 (2a01:4f8:0:3::411)  256.987 ms * *
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

Falkenstein

IPv4
traceroute to fsn.icmp.hetzner.com (78.46.170.2), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (10.135.127.254)  5.250 ms  5.199 ms  5.184 ms
 2  172.16.254.14 (172.16.254.14)  5.620 ms  5.602 ms  5.574 ms
 3  172.17.11.214 (172.17.11.214)  2.722 ms *  2.684 ms
 4  172.17.11.254 (172.17.11.254)  5.493 ms  5.473 ms  5.458 ms
 5  * 218.197.158.254 (218.197.158.254)  9.352 ms *
 6  * * *
 7  101.4.114.17 (101.4.114.17)  3.576 ms  4.555 ms  3.521 ms
 8  101.4.115.201 (101.4.115.201)  28.449 ms  27.529 ms  28.396 ms
 9  * * *
10  101.4.118.26 (101.4.118.26)  27.701 ms  27.640 ms  27.624 ms
11  101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  59.818 ms  61.895 ms  67.875 ms
12  223.119.81.93 (223.119.81.93)  60.659 ms 101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  65.201 ms  64.335 ms
13  223.119.81.93 (223.119.81.93)  62.128 ms *  63.310 ms
14  223.120.10.157 (223.120.10.157)  270.495 ms  261.379 ms  257.617 ms
15  223.120.10.157 (223.120.10.157)  257.569 ms decix2-gw.hetzner.com (80.81.193.164)  237.227 ms 223.120.10.157 (223.120.10.157)  233.586 ms
16  decix-gw.hetzner.com (80.81.192.164)  214.307 ms *  207.280 ms
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *
IPv6
traceroute to fsn.icmp.hetzner.com (2a01:4f8:0:a232::2), 30 hops max, 80 byte packets
 1  2001:250:4001:5013::1 (2001:250:4001:5013::1)  3.598 ms  3.517 ms *
 2  2001:250:4001:9::1:1 (2001:250:4001:9::1:1)  3.480 ms  6.262 ms  6.241 ms
 3  2001:250:4001::1 (2001:250:4001::1)  11.052 ms  11.031 ms  11.011 ms
 4  cernet2.net (2001:da8:3009:a6::1)  6.160 ms  6.140 ms  6.117 ms
 5  2001:da8:2:102::1 (2001:da8:2:102::1)  6.107 ms  6.087 ms  6.065 ms
 6  * * *
 7  * * *
 8  cernet2.net (2001:252:0:2::101)  26.391 ms  26.366 ms  29.863 ms
 9  * * *
10  * * *
11  * * *
12  * * *
13  * * *
14  * hetzner-online.par.franceix.net (2001:7f8:54::1:197)  284.267 ms  284.195 ms
15  2a01:4f8:0:3::411 (2a01:4f8:0:3::411)  284.171 ms core11.nbg1.hetzner.com (2a01:4f8:0:3::3b1)  284.153 ms 2a01:4f8:0:3::411 (2a01:4f8:0:3::411)  284.127 ms
16  * core23.fsn1.hetzner.com (2a01:4f8:0:3::c6)  284.080 ms *
17  core23.fsn1.hetzner.com (2a01:4f8:0:3::c6)  257.270 ms * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

Helsinki

IPv4
traceroute to hel.icmp.hetzner.com (95.217.255.81), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (10.135.127.254)  3.921 ms  3.852 ms  3.823 ms
 2  172.16.254.14 (172.16.254.14)  4.953 ms  4.926 ms  4.904 ms
 3  172.17.11.214 (172.17.11.214)  4.038 ms  4.019 ms  4.000 ms
 4  172.17.11.254 (172.17.11.254)  3.975 ms  3.956 ms  3.939 ms
 5  * * *
 6  * * *
 7  101.4.114.17 (101.4.114.17)  3.002 ms  4.616 ms  4.543 ms
 8  101.4.115.201 (101.4.115.201)  32.271 ms  32.244 ms  32.230 ms
 9  * * *
10  101.4.118.26 (101.4.118.26)  27.871 ms  28.042 ms *
11  101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  59.791 ms 101.4.118.122 (101.4.118.122)  27.872 ms 101.4.114.237 (101.4.114.237)  28.810 ms
12  hnk-b4-link.ip.twelve99.net (80.239.130.172)  60.977 ms  60.958 ms  60.150 ms
13  hnk-b4-link.ip.twelve99.net (80.239.130.172)  60.098 ms * *
14  mei-b4-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.135.140)  227.103 ms  227.081 ms ffm-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.116.20)  258.442 ms
15  ffm-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.114.202)  257.529 ms ffm-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.116.20)  258.398 ms  260.039 ms
16  s-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.143.28)  253.054 ms s-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.138.104)  248.775 ms hls-b3-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.122.33)  256.690 ms
17  hls-b3-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.122.35)  254.467 ms hetzner-svc076536-ic365572.ip.twelve99-cust.net (62.115.52.255)  314.981 ms  314.928 ms
18  hetzner-svc076536-ic365572.ip.twelve99-cust.net (62.115.52.255)  314.907 ms  314.882 ms core31.hel1.hetzner.com (213.239.224.38)  328.588 ms
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *
IPv6
traceroute to hel.icmp.hetzner.com (2a01:4f9:0:a010::20), 30 hops max, 80 byte packets
 1  2001:250:4001:5013::1 (2001:250:4001:5013::1)  2.717 ms  2.589 ms  3.637 ms
 2  2001:250:4001:9::1:1 (2001:250:4001:9::1:1)  3.681 ms  3.666 ms  5.782 ms
 3  * * *
 4  cernet2.net (2001:da8:3009:a6::1)  3.581 ms  3.568 ms  3.541 ms
 5  2001:da8:2:102::1 (2001:da8:2:102::1)  5.681 ms  5.665 ms  5.639 ms
 6  2001:da8:2:d::2 (2001:da8:2:d::2)  14.437 ms * *
 7  * * *
 8  cernet2.net (2001:252:0:2::101)  21.738 ms  22.569 ms  21.690 ms
 9  * * *
10  * * *
11  * * *
12  * * *
13  100ge9-1.core1.sto1.he.net (2001:470:0:579::2)  275.599 ms  256.380 ms *
14  100ge9-1.core1.sto1.he.net (2001:470:0:579::2)  256.245 ms netnod-ix-ge-b-sth-4470.hetzner.de (2001:7f8:d:fb::71)  256.888 ms 100ge9-1.core1.sto1.he.net (2001:470:0:579::2)  253.388 ms
15  netnod-ix-ge-b-sth-4470.hetzner.de (2001:7f8:d:fb::71)  255.417 ms  256.320 ms  255.522 ms
16  core11.nbg1.hetzner.com (2a01:4f8:0:3::29)  276.686 ms * *
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

Ashburn

IPv4
traceroute to ash.icmp.hetzner.com (5.161.7.195), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (10.135.127.254)  4.920 ms  4.779 ms  4.757 ms
 2  172.16.254.14 (172.16.254.14)  6.840 ms  6.822 ms  7.343 ms
 3  172.17.11.214 (172.17.11.214)  10.075 ms  10.056 ms  10.033 ms
 4  172.17.11.254 (172.17.11.254)  10.012 ms  9.996 ms  9.977 ms
 5  218.197.158.254 (218.197.158.254)  6.651 ms  6.631 ms *
 6  202.112.20.13 (202.112.20.13)  6.604 ms * *
 7  101.4.114.17 (101.4.114.17)  3.784 ms  3.287 ms  3.265 ms
 8  101.4.115.201 (101.4.115.201)  26.145 ms  26.134 ms  26.125 ms
 9  * * *
10  * * 101.4.118.26 (101.4.118.26)  26.961 ms
11  101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  58.938 ms  60.005 ms  62.095 ms
12  101.4.114.182 (101.4.114.182)  62.052 ms hnk-b4-link.ip.twelve99.net (80.239.130.172)  59.838 ms  61.746 ms
13  * hnk-b4-link.ip.twelve99.net (80.239.130.172)  59.801 ms  59.787 ms
14  sjo-b23-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.142.64)  213.954 ms * *
15  * sjo-b23-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.142.64)  213.367 ms *
16  * ash-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.136.201)  288.109 ms *
17  ash-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.136.201)  287.609 ms * ash-b2-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.123.125)  287.511 ms
18  hetzner-svc080622-ic370437.ip.twelve99-cust.net (62.115.149.65)  379.079 ms ash-b2-link.ip.twelve99.net (62.115.123.125)  286.726 ms hetzner-svc080622-ic370437.ip.twelve99-cust.net (62.115.149.65)  380.182 ms
19  hetzner-svc080622-ic370437.ip.twelve99-cust.net (62.115.149.65)  381.302 ms *  378.822 ms
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *
IPv6
traceroute to ash.icmp.hetzner.com (2a01:4ff:ef::fa57:1), 30 hops max, 80 byte packets
 1  * * *
 2  2001:250:4001:9::1:1 (2001:250:4001:9::1:1)  11.265 ms  11.244 ms  11.220 ms
 3  * * *
 4  cernet2.net (2001:da8:3009:a6::1)  11.128 ms  11.108 ms  11.082 ms
 5  2001:da8:2:102::1 (2001:da8:2:102::1)  11.056 ms  13.223 ms  13.204 ms
 6  2001:da8:2:d::2 (2001:da8:2:d::2)  16.943 ms  14.541 ms  14.475 ms
 7  * * *
 8  cernet2.net (2001:252:0:2::101)  28.038 ms  28.018 ms  28.028 ms
 9  * * *
10  * * *
11  100ge15-1.core1.hkg1.he.net (2001:470:0:5f9::1)  57.846 ms  69.003 ms *
12  as1299.gige-g3-10.core1.hkg1.he.net (2001:470:0:166::2)  60.015 ms 100ge15-1.core1.hkg1.he.net (2001:470:0:5f9::1)  59.996 ms as1299.gige-g3-10.core1.hkg1.he.net (2001:470:0:166::2)  64.224 ms
13  * * as1299.gige-g3-10.core1.hkg1.he.net (2001:470:0:166::2)  57.778 ms
14  sjo-b23-v6.ip.twelve99.net (2001:2034:0:133::1)  268.953 ms *  268.349 ms
15  sjo-b23-v6.ip.twelve99.net (2001:2034:0:133::1)  268.400 ms  270.385 ms  270.328 ms
16  ash-bb2-v6.ip.twelve99.net (2001:2034:1:74::1)  270.312 ms  269.629 ms nyk-bb2-v6.ip.twelve99.net (2001:2034:1:b8::1)  281.996 ms
17  * * *
18  hetzner-svc080622-ic370437.ip.twelve99-cust.net (2001:2035:0:e00::2)  270.649 ms  270.140 ms  268.396 ms
19  hetzner-svc080622-ic370437.ip.twelve99-cust.net (2001:2035:0:e00::2)  270.172 ms  270.083 ms *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

体会

WiFi 的带宽比较一般，只能说比这里的 4G 流量快；有线连接的带宽就很不错，能满足需求。丢包和延迟我没测试，但有个室友玩王者荣耀时经常骂校园网卡，所以大概是不怎么样。

早就听说 CERNET 连接墙外很快，实际测试下来果然是这样，IPv6 下连接 Cloudflare 的速度很理想，以后基本不用考虑 VPS 线路的问题了。

CERNET 在 IPv4 下连接「甲骨文 法兰克福」以及 Hetzner 欧洲数据中心的速度非常理想，全天都能跑满。

参考

更新日志

2020-12-19

  1. 根据自身体验重写部分段落。
  2. 调整措辞，补充信息。
  3. 增加脚注。

2022-01-01

  1. 增加用 Shell 脚本登录校园网的段落。
  2. 重写「线路」一节，增加 traceroute 信息。
  3. 调整措辞，补充信息。

2022-01-06

重写「IP」一节，现在不能通过 IPv6 从校外直连校内了。

2022-03-05

  1. 新增「甲骨文 法兰克福」和 Hetzner 的 traceroute 信息，更新其它 traceroute 结果。
  2. 新增体会。
  3. 删除「问题」一节（我在寝室用上了无线路由器，原来的问题都不是问题了）。

  1. http://user-serv.whu.edu.cn:8080/selfservice/ ↩︎

  2. 特指「教育科研网」，详见 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Q9FA1Pz7MWHj3lPnF1D26Q。 ↩︎